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"Fixation" ((ドイツ語:Fixierung)) is a concept (in human psychology) originated by Sigmund Freud (1905) to denote the persistence of anachronistic sexual traits.〔Salman Akhtar, ''Comprehensive Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'' (London 2009) p. 112〕 The term subsequently came to denote object relationships with, and attachments to people or things in general persisting from childhood into adult life.〔Salman Akhtar, ''Comprehensive Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'' (London 2009) p. 112〕 == Freud == In ''Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality'' (1905), Freud distinguished the fixations of the libido on an incestuous object, from a fixation upon a specific, partial ''aim'', such as voyeurism.〔Sigmund Freud, ''On Sexuality'' (Penguin Freud Library 7) pp. 68–70 and p. 151〕 Freud theorized that some humans may develop psychological fixation due to one or more of the following: #A lack of proper gratification during one of the psychosexual stages of development. #Receiving a strong impression from one of these stages, in which case the person's personality would reflect that stage throughout adult life.〔Freud, ''Sexuality'' p. 167〕 #"An excessively strong manifestation of these instincts at a very early age () leads to a kind of partial ''fixation'', which then constitutes a weak point in the structure of the sexual function".〔Sigmund Freud, ''Five Lectures on Psycho-Analysis'' (Penguin 1995) p. 73〕 As Freud's thought developed, so did the range of possible 'fixation points' he saw as significant in producing particular neuroses.〔Angela Richards, "Editor's Note", Sigmund Freud, ''On Psychopathology'' (Penguin Freud Library 10) p. 132〕 However, he continued to view fixation as "the manifestation of very early linkages – linkages which it is hard to resolve – between instincts and impressions and the objects involved in those impressions".〔Freud, ''Psychopathology'' pp. 137–8〕 Psychoanalytic therapy involved producing a new transference fixation in place of the old one.〔Bruce Fink, ''A Clinical Introduction to Lacanian Psychoanalysis'' (Harvard 1999) p. 53〕 The new fixation - for example a father-transference onto the analyst - may be very different from the old, but will absorb its energies and enable them eventually to be released for non-fixated purposes.〔Sigmund Freud, ''Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis'' (Penguin Freud Library 1) p. 509〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fixation (psychology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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